Digital Thermometer Circuit
Digital Thermometer Circuit
A simple digital thermometer circuit with out a micro controller and having a seven segment LED read out is shown here. The circuit is based on three ICs: CA3162, CA3161 and LM35. CA3162 is a monolithic analogue to digital (A/D) converter that has BCD output. The A/D converter inside the IC is a dual slope type with differential inputs. The IC has an internal timing circuitry and hold function. When the hold function is enables, the output IC latches itself to the present state. CA3161 is a monolithic BCD to seven segment converter IC. It can directly drive a seven segment display and there is no need for current limiting resistors. LM35 is a three terminal precision temperature sensor IC from National semiconductors. The output of LM35 is highly linear and has a scale factor of 10mV/C. The IC consumes only 60uA as standby current and is calibrated directly in degree Celsius.
About the circuit .
IC LM35 is used for sensing the temperatures. A voltage
proportional to the temperature will be available at pin 2 of the LM35 and this
voltage is coupled to the high input pin (pin11) of the CA3162. CA3162 does the
job of converting this analogue voltage in to a BCD format. POT R1 connected at
pin 13 of the CA3162 is used for gain adjustment while POT R2 can be used for
ZERO adjustment. Capacitor C2 is the integrating capacitor of the A/D converter
circuitry inside the IC. The working of the CA3162 is as follows, the voltage
applied to the input pin (pin11) is converted into a current (using the built
in V/I converter circuit) that charges the integrating capacitor C2 for a
preset amount of them. Then the integrating is disconnected from the V/I
converter circuit and a reference constant current source is connected to the
integrating capacitor. The time taken for the charge to restore to its original
value is noted and the number of clock cycles elapsed during this time will be
a measure of the charge induced by the input voltage (voltage applied to pin
11). The point of restoration is sensed using an internal comparator which
latches the counter and the count is then multiplexed into the BCD outputs and
the entire cycle is repeated. The hold pin CA3162 (pin6) can be used for
running the IC in different modes. When the hold pin is grounded or left open
the IC runs in low speed mode (sampling rate is 4Hz). When hold pin is held at
+5V, the IC runs in high speed mode i.e. a sampling rate of 96Hz. When the hold
pin is held at a fixed 1.2V, the BCD output latches to the current state. C1 is
the power supply bypass capacitor whose job is to bypass noise if any from the
power supply line.
The next section of the circuit is the BCD to seven segment
decoder plus display driver section. For that purpose CA3161 is used. The BCD
output pins of the CA3162 are connected to the input pins of the CA3161. Transistors
Q1, Q2, Q3 common anode terminals of the corresponding seven segments displays.
Q1, Q2, Q3 are driven by the 4, 3, 5 pins (digit driver pins) of the CA3162
respectively.
Notes.
§ The
circuit can be assembled on a vero board or on a PCB.
§ Use 5V DC
for powering the circuit.
§ POT R2 can
be used for Zero adjustment.
§ IC2 and
IC1 must be mounted on holders.
§ Capacitor
C1 must be placed as close as possible to the power and ground pins of the
CA3162.
§ Capacitor
C2 could be a polyester type while C1 can be a ceramic capacitor.
§ The DC
power supply used for powering this circuit must be well regulated and free
from any sort of noise.
§ The type
numbers of the driver transistor are not critical and you can make suitable
substitutions.
§ Hold
function can be enabled by providing the pin 6 with 1.2V using a voltage
divider network.
LM35
Is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the
temperature (in oC).
The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation
and other processes. With LM35,
temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It
also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 oC
temperature rise in still air.
The operating temperature range
is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in
ambient temperature, i.e., its scale factor is 0.01V/ oC.
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